According to the Commodity Market Analysis System of Shengyi Society, the average price of domestic toluene market at the beginning of 2024 is 6570 yuan/ton, and the average price at the end of the year is 6050 yuan/ton, with an annual decline of 7.91%. The overall trend of the toluene market in 2024 is weak and can be divided into two stages. In the first half of the year, it fluctuated upwards and then experienced a slight correction, followed by a continuous decline in the second half of the year.
From the monthly K-bar chart of Shengyi Society’s toluene market, it can be seen that in 2024, the toluene market experienced more declines than gains. There were four months of upward movement and seven months of downward movement, with the highest increase in January being 5.63% and the highest decrease in September being 13.89%.
Note: The K-bar chart of commodity prices, using the concept of price trend K-line, reflects the weekly or monthly price changes in the form of a bar chart. Investors can make buying and selling investments based on the changes in the K-bar chart. Red indicates an increase; Green indicates a decline; The height of the K-pillar represents the range of rise and fall.
1、 Review of the toluene market in 2024
First half of the year: Supported by favorable supply and demand, it rose 14.76%
In the first half of 2024, the overall prices of crude oil and naphtha will rise, especially in the first quarter where the increase is significant, and the cost will face strong market support. The supply side showed a tight performance throughout the first half of the year, firstly due to high and then low port inventory in the East China region, with overall good destocking situation. Secondly, there was a wave of centralized maintenance of domestic facilities after March and April, which affected the market supply in April and May. Under the influence of market expectations of tight supply, refinery prices continued to rise, especially with the increase of export enterprises in Shandong region, which led to high market activity and continued upward trend in the spot market. Overall, the supply side support was good in the first half of the year. The downstream disproportionation industry on the demand side performed well in the first half of the year, with overall high profits and stable and positive demand for toluene. The export volume of toluene steadily increased from January to May, with good demand support. Although before the May Day holiday, due to the fact that the price of toluene was already at its highest point of the year, downstream high-level receiving capacity declined, and demand expectations were insufficient, the toluene market experienced a wave of decline in mid to late April. After entering June, prices rebounded again under the boost of the diversified industry. Overall, in the first half of 2024, supported by both supply and demand, the toluene market maintained a high level of operation.
In the second half of the year, both supply and demand fell to a two-year low
In the second half of 2024, the toluene market first stabilized and then fell, with a cumulative decline of 19.76%. After entering the third quarter, geopolitical and storm premium factors eased, and the crude oil market fell under pressure. Brent and WTI successively fell below the $70 mark, and the trend of naphtha prices was also weak, resulting in a bearish overall cost performance. Since late July, the supply side has resumed production of equipment that entered maintenance in the first half of the year. The total domestic operating rate has increased from nearly 60% to around 75%, indicating a significant easing of market supply. At the same time, there was a significant increase in import volume in the second half of the year. In August alone, the import volume reached 19489.31 tons, an increase of 280.69% month on month and 281.74% year-on-year, significantly exceeding the total import volume of 5722.88 tons from January to June. The overall supply performance in the second half of the year was bearish. In the second half of the year, the downstream disproportionation industry performed well on the demand side, and overall demand remained stable, providing essential support for the toluene market. But in the oil blending industry, which performed well in the first half of the year, as the price difference between xylene and toluene continued to decrease or even invert, the intention of the oil blending industry to purchase toluene continued to shrink, and the demand side performance weakened. Overall, under the dual negative impact of supply and demand, the toluene market has been declining, falling to a low level in nearly two years.
2、 Industrial chain structure
Toluene is an important organic chemical raw material, and its production is mainly achieved through two pathways: petroleum refining and coal chemical industry. Petroleum refining mainly involves the hydrogenation extraction of crude benzene from fractionated coal tar to obtain hydrogenated toluene; Coal chemical industry is the extraction of petroleum toluene from catalytic cracking of naphtha.
The downstream products of toluene mainly include TDI, benzoic acid, phenol, caprolactam, and PTA. It has a wide range of applications, including blending gasoline to increase its octane rating, as well as preparing various toluene derivatives such as xylene, o-xylene, benzyl alcohol, etc. Its application terminals involve industries such as petrochemicals, fuels, pesticides, and synthetic materials.
3、 Outlook for the toluene market in 2025:
Cost side: The 2025 oil price range is fluctuating, and the cost side support is relatively stable
The International Energy Agency predicts that by 2025, under the premise of maintaining the current level of production policy in OPEC+, global oil supply will show a surplus of over 1 million barrels. Business Society believes that the supply-demand balance in 2025 will transition from a tight equilibrium state to a balanced state, mainly based on the current production capacity and the premise of moderate growth in US crude oil supply in the future; In addition, it is also based on the current geopolitical foundation, without further intensifying geopolitical conflicts and taking into account the risk premium. Therefore, the upward range of oil prices is suppressed. In addition, major institutions are relatively pessimistic and conservative about oil prices in 2025, with Brent’s average oil price generally predicted to be in the range of $73-76. The prediction of oil prices by Business Society for 2025 basically conforms to this viewpoint
Raw material surface: The production of naphtha is steadily increasing, and the supply of raw materials is sufficient
Naphtha is the main raw material for producing toluene, and its production and operation will directly affect the development of the toluene industry. With the continuous improvement of China’s refining capacity and the sustained release of downstream market demand for naphtha, China’s naphtha production continues to steadily increase. Data shows that the cumulative production of naphtha in China from January to November 2024 is about 73.3 million tons. Currently, the main production areas of naphtha in China are Shandong, Guangdong, Liaoning and other provinces, with Shandong Province having the most prominent production. The steady growth of naphtha production provides important raw material guarantees for the development of the toluene industry.
Supply side: Expected increase in toluene supply by 2025
Toluene is an important chemical raw material, and the demand in the international and domestic markets is constantly increasing. In recent years, driven by increased downstream demand and good export performance, China’s toluene enterprises have actively expanded their capacity and production. Domestic toluene production capacity continues to rise, and new facilities will continue to be put into operation in the future. Affected by the production development direction of reducing oil and increasing chemical production, the willingness of main refineries and local refining enterprises to export toluene has increased. Especially in the Shandong region, the performance has been outstanding, with the addition of toluene production capacity increasing by over 50% in the past three years. In the future, production enterprises will place greater emphasis on the toluene commodity market, with increased enthusiasm for exports. It is expected that the domestic market supply of toluene will continue to rise by 2025.
Demand side: Stable with upward trend
Toluene has a wide range of applications, including blending gasoline and preparing various toluene derivatives such as xylene, o-xylene, benzyl alcohol, etc. At present, the downstream consumption structure of toluene in China is stable, with oil blending accounting for about 52%, disproportionation accounting for about 26%, solvents accounting for about 12%, and TDI and other components accounting for about 10%. It can be seen that the main downstream consumption of toluene is still gasoline blends. As an octane enhancer, toluene can improve the combustion performance of gasoline, reduce exhaust emissions, and better meet national environmental requirements. With the increase of domestic car ownership, the consumption of gasoline has also increased, driving the demand for toluene to increase. However, due to the continuous improvement of domestic gasoline quality requirements, the proportion of toluene added has decreased in recent years. In addition, with the increasing proportion of new energy passenger vehicles, the demand growth rate of toluene in gasoline blends is relatively slow. However, with the increase in production capacity of the disproportionation device, the demand for disproportionation is expected to increase in the future. Overall, the demand for toluene industry is stable with an upward trend.
Export surface: The export volume of toluene is steadily increasing
Between 2017 and 2021, the import volume of toluene in China was significantly higher than the export volume, but this situation has changed significantly in 2022. Since 2022, there has been a significant increase in the export volume of toluene in China, which has completely transformed the country from a net importer of toluene to a net exporter of toluene in the same year. Specifically, the import volume of toluene (29023000) in China in 2022 was 67700 tons, a decrease of 67% compared to 206200 tons in 2021; The export volume was 649000 tons, an increase of 571% year-on-year from 96700 tons in 2021.
According to customs data, China exported a total of 471000 tons of toluene from January to November 2024, an increase of 13500 tons compared to the same period in 2023 and a year-on-year increase of 2.94%. It is expected that the export volume of toluene in 2024 will exceed the 508000 tons in 2023, and the export volume will reach a new high, which will provide certain positive support for the domestic market.
Market forecast:
In the short term, the toluene market at the end of the fourth quarter has seen a certain rebound in prices, driven by the strengthening of the oil blending industry in Shandong and the release of traditional downstream stocking demand in December. The increasing demand in the disproportionation industry led to a small upward trend in the toluene market at the end of the fourth quarter, and maintained a high volatility trend until the end of December. In the upcoming year of 2025, there do not seem to be many bright spots in terms of cost and supply, and the overall trend is stable. However, there are still positive developments on the demand side, and there is still room for growth in the oil blending market in Shandong before and after the Spring Festival. The disproportionation industry is also boosted by high prices of pure benzene, and there are certain positive factors. In recent years, the export performance has been impressive, and with the support of favorable demand, it is expected that there will still be some upward space in the toluene market at the beginning of the 25th.
In the long run, the international crude oil price range will fluctuate in 2025, and the cost of toluene will still support the expected increase in supply. Downstream demand still has some room for growth. Overall, the future demand performance is more worthy of attention. With the interweaving of negative and positive market conditions on the supply and demand side, it is expected that the toluene market will continue to maintain a range oscillation trend in 2025.